diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.aux b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.aux index a5d41bf..2904107 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.aux +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.aux @@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ \newlabel{sec:planiranje_eksperimenta}{{3}{14}{}{section.3}{}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Odabir ispitivanih parametara ispisa}{14}{}\protected@file@percent } \newlabel{subsec:odabir_ispitivanih_parametara_ispisa}{{3.1}{14}{}{subsection.3.1}{}} -\abx@aux@cite{0}{article_881254} -\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{article_881254} +\abx@aux@cite{0}{eryildiz2021orientation} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{eryildiz2021orientation} \abx@aux@cite{0}{hermann2019layerheight} \abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{hermann2019layerheight} \abx@aux@cite{0}{kuznetsov2018strengthPLA} @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ \newlabel{eq:sn_ratio_vlak}{{4}{42}{}{equation.4}{}} \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {18}{\ignorespaces Rezultati vlačnog ispitivanja}}{42}{}\protected@file@percent } \newlabel{tab:rezultati_vlacni}{{18}{42}{}{table.18}{}} -\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {19}{\ignorespaces Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima SNR i čvrstoće}}{43}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {19}{\ignorespaces Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima S/N i čvrstoće}}{43}{}\protected@file@percent } \newlabel{tab:snr_vlak}{{19}{43}{}{table.19}{}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}ANOVA analiza rezultata vlačnog ispitivanja}{43}{}\protected@file@percent } \newlabel{subsubsec:anova_analiza_rezultata_vlacnog_ispitivanja}{{4.2.2}{43}{}{subsubsection.4.2.2}{}} @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ \newlabel{eq:sn_ratio_smik}{{15}{48}{}{equation.15}{}} \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {22}{\ignorespaces Rezultati smičnog ispitivanja}}{48}{}\protected@file@percent } \newlabel{tab:lom_smik}{{22}{48}{}{table.22}{}} -\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {23}{\ignorespaces Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima SNR i čvrstoće}}{49}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {23}{\ignorespaces Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima S/N i čvrstoće}}{49}{}\protected@file@percent } \newlabel{tab:snr_faktori_smik}{{23}{49}{}{table.23}{}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}ANOVA analiza rezultata smičnog ispitivanja}{49}{}\protected@file@percent } \newlabel{subsubsec:anova_analiza_rezultata_smicnog_ispitivanja}{{4.3.2}{49}{}{subsubsection.4.3.2}{}} @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{Popis simbola i mjernih jedinica}{59}{}\protected@file@percent } \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{Prilog A – Python skripta za analizu poprečnih presjeka}{I}{}\protected@file@percent } \@writefile{lol}{\contentsline {lstlisting}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Python skripta za analizu poprečnih presjeka.}}{I}{}\protected@file@percent } -\abx@aux@read@bbl@mdfivesum{4DC86DC2B6D6A70E2AE9176B3E07D647} +\abx@aux@read@bbl@mdfivesum{610F4427A8B4502820D0320C0B20BED6} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{kuznetsov2018strengthPLA}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{hermann2019extrusionwidth}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{clevercreationsInfillStrength}{none/global//global/global/global} @@ -347,10 +347,11 @@ \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{zandi2020mechanical}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{butt2022linewidth}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{aboelella2025layer}{none/global//global/global/global} +\abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{eryildiz2021orientation}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{hermann2019layerheight}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{daly2024infillCFPETG}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{bazjanacNauka1}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{cojocaru2025dogbone}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{AzureFilmPLA}{none/global//global/global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{Stamopoulos2020}{none/global//global/global/global} -\gdef \@abspage@last{73} +\gdef \@abspage@last{72} diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl index f244c17..1595756 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl @@ -563,6 +563,37 @@ \verb https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-94446-8 \endverb \endentry + \entry{eryildiz2021orientation}{article}{}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a}{% + family={Eryıldız}, + familyi={E\bibinitperiod}, + given={Meltem}, + giveni={M\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a} + \strng{fullhash}{d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a} + \strng{fullhashraw}{d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a} + \strng{bibnamehash}{d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a} + \strng{authornamehash}{d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a} + \strng{authorfullhash}{d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a} + \strng{authorfullhashraw}{d7c56e62911e2da9d6b007262ecff08a} + \field{sortinit}{2} + \field{sortinithash}{8b555b3791beccb63322c22f3320aa9a} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{journaltitle}{European Mechanical Science} + \field{number}{3} + \field{title}{Effect of Build Orientation on Mechanical Behaviour and Build Time of FDM 3D-Printed PLA Parts: An Experimental Investigation} + \field{volume}{5} + \field{year}{2021} + \field{pages}{116\bibrangedash 120} + \range{pages}{5} + \verb{doi} + \verb 10.26701/ems.881254 + \endverb + \endentry \entry{hermann2019layerheight}{online}{}{} \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=b32b8c16abcc88ce35e3671dd7508cc9}{% @@ -801,7 +832,6 @@ \endverb \endentry \enddatalist - \missing{article_881254} \missing{rods2001diffusion} \endrefsection \endinput diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf index 334a5fa..c04381e 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf @@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@ butt2022linewidth hermann2019extrusionwidth aboelella2025layer - article_881254 + eryildiz2021orientation hermann2019layerheight kuznetsov2018strengthPLA kuznetsov2018strengthPLA diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.blg b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.blg index 2670d0a..9db0fe1 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.blg +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.blg @@ -1,18 +1,17 @@ [0] Config.pm:308> INFO - This is Biber 2.20 [0] Config.pm:311> INFO - Logfile is 'ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.blg' -[40] biber:342> INFO - === Wed Sep 10, 2025, 13:58:59 -[48] Biber.pm:420> INFO - Reading 'ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf' -[77] Biber.pm:994> INFO - Found 22 citekeys in bib section 0 -[85] Biber.pm:4463> INFO - Processing section 0 -[90] Biber.pm:4654> INFO - Looking for bibtex file 'literatura.bib' for section 0 -[91] bibtex.pm:1713> INFO - LaTeX decoding ... -[99] bibtex.pm:1519> INFO - Found BibTeX data source 'literatura.bib' -[175] UCollate.pm:68> INFO - Overriding locale 'hr-HR' defaults 'variable = shifted' with 'variable = non-ignorable' -[175] UCollate.pm:68> INFO - Overriding locale 'hr-HR' defaults 'normalization = NFD' with 'normalization = prenormalized' -[175] Biber.pm:4283> INFO - Sorting list 'none/global//global/global/global' of type 'entry' with template 'none' and locale 'hr-HR' -[182] bbl.pm:677> INFO - Writing 'ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl' with encoding 'UTF-8' -[185] bbl.pm:780> INFO - Output to ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl -[185] Biber.pm:131> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /tmp/biber_tmp_iXYZ/c61ccb34f23828ed7e5b3976dd87481f_57464.utf8, line 1, warning: 1 characters of junk seen at toplevel -[185] Biber.pm:131> WARN - I didn't find a database entry for 'rods2001diffusion' (section 0) -[185] Biber.pm:131> WARN - I didn't find a database entry for 'article_881254' (section 0) -[185] Biber.pm:133> INFO - WARNINGS: 3 +[42] biber:342> INFO - === Wed Sep 10, 2025, 20:32:38 +[53] Biber.pm:420> INFO - Reading 'ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf' +[84] Biber.pm:994> INFO - Found 22 citekeys in bib section 0 +[94] Biber.pm:4463> INFO - Processing section 0 +[99] Biber.pm:4654> INFO - Looking for bibtex file 'literatura.bib' for section 0 +[100] bibtex.pm:1713> INFO - LaTeX decoding ... +[108] bibtex.pm:1519> INFO - Found BibTeX data source 'literatura.bib' +[196] UCollate.pm:68> INFO - Overriding locale 'hr-HR' defaults 'variable = shifted' with 'variable = non-ignorable' +[196] UCollate.pm:68> INFO - Overriding locale 'hr-HR' defaults 'normalization = NFD' with 'normalization = prenormalized' +[196] Biber.pm:4283> INFO - Sorting list 'none/global//global/global/global' of type 'entry' with template 'none' and locale 'hr-HR' +[206] bbl.pm:677> INFO - Writing 'ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl' with encoding 'UTF-8' +[210] bbl.pm:780> INFO - Output to ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl +[210] Biber.pm:131> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /tmp/biber_tmp_E93b/c61ccb34f23828ed7e5b3976dd87481f_8107.utf8, line 1, warning: 1 characters of junk seen at toplevel +[210] Biber.pm:131> WARN - I didn't find a database entry for 'rods2001diffusion' (section 0) +[210] Biber.pm:133> INFO - WARNINGS: 2 diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.fdb_latexmk b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.fdb_latexmk index 64fd625..25e83cf 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.fdb_latexmk +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.fdb_latexmk @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Fdb version 4 -["biber ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka"] 1757505538.86981 "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka" 1757528010.62294 0 - "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf" 1757528010.48743 110890 3c104371ee237892fd26d11ff4c37800 "pdflatex" +["biber ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka"] 1757529158.19775 "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka" 1757529493.07293 0 + "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bcf" 1757529492.97575 110899 5a17a81a42f828a8b465cea4414b04c7 "pdflatex" "literatura.bib" 1757420042.10282 8141 f9c59bb794b0aa08f1067ce92ccf1bd8 "" (generated) "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.blg" (rewritten before read) -["pdflatex"] 1757528008.46897 "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.tex" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.pdf" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka" 1757528010.6232 0 +["pdflatex"] 1757529490.87414 "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.tex" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.pdf" "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka" 1757529493.07329 0 "/etc/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf" 1741769514 43179 d4d8625c4224f516afc2b9ae03b45f2d "" "/usr/share/texmf/fonts/enc/dvips/base/8r.enc" 1165713224 4850 80dc9bab7f31fb78a000ccfed0e27cab "" "/usr/share/texmf/fonts/enc/dvips/inconsolata/i4-ot1-0.enc" 1561323594 2496 4d35740f3a177992ff7b134746c0a1db "" @@ -159,13 +159,13 @@ "/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf" 1741769514 43179 d4d8625c4224f516afc2b9ae03b45f2d "" "/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map" 1743149983 5467020 ca0c94f2ee48321ee55e91e42ecff204 "" "/var/lib/texmf/web2c/pdftex/pdflatex.fmt" 1743149993 3345506 2fd014ec6c5db62599a88e1145e5502c "" - "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.aux" 1757528010.48243 30115 3e9b9b3985afa3757a1df6abc1f1a3b9 "pdflatex" - "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl" 1757505539.38671 33086 4dc86dc2b6d6a70e2ae9176b3e07d647 "biber ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka" - "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.lof" 1757528010.48926 4600 5e43bd6174099adba2dbae86085c85cc "pdflatex" - "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.lot" 1757528010.48926 2502 78af41637d586f27871486cb932b6e4f "pdflatex" - "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.run.xml" 1757528010.48926 2683 059d3ffc003146dbfd8166bc4c183903 "pdflatex" - "ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.tex" 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1757529492.97727 4591 a2027259cdb50fc99220e06f0a6fac42 "pdflatex" "media/imgs/analiza_podataka/promjena_povrsine_10x10.jpg" 1755792541.22554 94970 a002c4ee68ebf13e3d4cf13f399439c6 "" "media/imgs/analiza_podataka/promjena_povrsine_10x70.jpg" 1755792747.65033 117458 05930e6248bd5070412ced98667c5457 "" "media/imgs/analiza_podataka/vlak_2d_lezeci.jpg" 1755791868.36192 74633 29d884550cbf67019223836feec6d66e "" diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.fls b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.fls index 3e9a88b..8013908 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.fls +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.fls @@ -273,9 +273,9 @@ INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvr8c.tfm INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvr8c.tfm OUTPUT ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.toc INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvb7t.tfm -INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvro7t.tfm INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/vf/adobe/helvetic/phvb7t.vf INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvb8r.tfm +INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvro7t.tfm INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/vf/adobe/helvetic/phvro7t.vf INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvro8r.tfm INPUT /usr/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvb7t.tfm diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.log b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.log index ee42d9c..cd8bae3 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.log +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.log @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.27 (TeX Live 2025/TeX Live for SUSE Linux) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2025.3.28) 10 SEP 2025 20:13 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.27 (TeX Live 2025/TeX Live for SUSE Linux) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2025.3.28) 10 SEP 2025 20:38 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. %&-line parsing enabled. @@ -898,13 +898,6 @@ bl' found. (./ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.bbl -Package biblatex Warning: The following entry could not be found -(biblatex) in the database: -(biblatex) article_881254 -(biblatex) Please verify the spelling and rerun -(biblatex) LaTeX afterwards. - - Package biblatex Warning: The following entry could not be found (biblatex) in the database: (biblatex) rods2001diffusion @@ -967,11 +960,7 @@ LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `TS1/phv/m/n' will be [2] LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/b/n' will be -(Font) scaled to size 12.87997pt on input line 221. -LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/m/it' in size <12> not available -(Font) Font shape `OT1/phv/m/sl' tried instead on input line 225. -LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/m/sl' will be -(Font) scaled to size 11.03998pt on input line 225. +(Font) scaled to size 12.87997pt on input line 220. @@ -981,11 +970,34 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): (fancyhdr) You might also make \topmargin smaller: (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. -[1 +[3 ] + + +Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): +(fancyhdr) Make it at least 14.49998pt, for example: +(fancyhdr) \setlength{\headheight}{14.49998pt}. +(fancyhdr) You might also make \topmargin smaller: +(fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. + +[4] +LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/m/it' in size <12> not available +(Font) Font shape `OT1/phv/m/sl' tried instead on input line 245. +LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/m/sl' will be +(Font) scaled to size 11.03998pt on input line 245. + + + +Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): +(fancyhdr) Make it at least 14.49998pt, for example: +(fancyhdr) \setlength{\headheight}{14.49998pt}. +(fancyhdr) You might also make \topmargin smaller: +(fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. + +[1] LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/b/n' will be -(Font) scaled to size 13.24796pt on input line 238. +(Font) scaled to size 13.24796pt on input line 258. @@ -1006,24 +1018,24 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): [3] LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/b/it' in size <12> not available -(Font) Font shape `OT1/phv/b/sl' tried instead on input line 304. +(Font) Font shape `OT1/phv/b/sl' tried instead on input line 324. LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/b/sl' will be -(Font) scaled to size 11.03998pt on input line 304. - File: media/imgs/parameters_description/visina_sloja.jpg Graphic file (type jpg ) Package pdftex.def Info: media/imgs/parameters_description/visina_sloja.jpg us -ed on input line 314. +ed on input line 334. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 455.24411pt x 114.74878pt. - File: media/imgs/parameters_description/sirina_ekstruzije.jpg Graphic file (typ e jpg) Package pdftex.def Info: media/imgs/parameters_description/sirina_ekstruzije.jp -g used on input line 329. +g used on input line 349. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 455.24411pt x 275.59843pt. @@ -1039,13 +1051,13 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. 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[13] -Overfull \hbox (13.00581pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 646--647 +Overfull \hbox (13.00581pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 666--667 []\OT1/phv/m/n/12 Za po-trebe eks-pe-ri-menta izra[]dena su ukupno 45 is-pitna uzorka za vla[]cno is-pi-ti-va-nje (V1{V18) [] -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 652--654 +Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 672--674 [] -Overfull \hbox (6.25494pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 656--658 +Overfull \hbox (6.25494pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 676--678 []\OT1/phv/b/n/12 Visina sloja\OT1/phv/m/n/12 , prema [1] zbog va-ri-ja-cije u ad-he-ziji izme[]du slo-jeva ite-kako utje[]ce na []cvrsto[]cu [] @@ -1333,18 +1345,7 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. [14] - -LaTeX Warning: Citation 'article_881254' on page 15 undefined on input line 672 -. - - -Overfull \hbox (5.78172pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 672--674 -[]\OT1/phv/b/n/12 Orijentacija mo-dela na rad-noj povr[]sini\OT1/phv/m/n/12 , p -rema [], zbog pro-mjena u smjeru - [] - - -Overfull \hbox (4.46724pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 682--683 +Overfull \hbox (4.46724pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 702--703 \OT1/phv/m/n/12 Kako bi do-bili za-do-vo-lja-vaju[]cu va-ri-ja-ciju u []cvrsto[ ]cama is-pit-nih uzo-raka po-trebnu za pro-nala[]zenje [] @@ -1359,13 +1360,13 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. [15] - File: media/imgs/planiranje_eksperimenta/usporedba_postotka_ispune.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) Package pdftex.def Info: media/imgs/planiranje_eksperimenta/usporedba_postotka_ -ispune.jpg used on input line 732. +ispune.jpg used on input line 752. 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[45] - File: media/imgs/anova_vlak/graf_orijentacija1.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) Package pdftex.def Info: media/imgs/anova_vlak/graf_orijentacija1.jpg used on -input line 1735. +input line 1755. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 364.19667pt x 204.67543pt. - File: media/imgs/anova_vlak/graf_orijentacija2.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) Package pdftex.def Info: media/imgs/anova_vlak/graf_orijentacija2.jpg used on -input line 1744. +input line 1764. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 409.71692pt x 230.25694pt. @@ -1943,7 +1944,7 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. [47 <./media/imgs/anova_vlak/graf_orijentacija2.jpg>] -Overfull \hbox (5.9669pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1781--1813 +Overfull \hbox (1.88205pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1801--1833 [][] [] @@ -1957,7 +1958,7 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. [48] -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1863--1864 +Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1883--1884 [] @@ -1980,18 +1981,18 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. [50] - + File: media/imgs/anova_smik/graf_smik.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) Package pdftex.def Info: media/imgs/anova_smik/graf_smik.jpg used on input lin -e 1950. +e 1970. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 409.71692pt x 230.25694pt. - File: media/imgs/anova_smik/graf_povrsina_smik.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) Package pdftex.def Info: media/imgs/anova_smik/graf_povrsina_smik.jpg used on -input line 1962. +input line 1982. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 409.71692pt x 230.25694pt. @@ -2012,13 +2013,13 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.49998pt}. [52 <./media/imgs/anova_smik/graf_povrsina_smik.jpg>] -Overfull \hbox (24.7856pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1984--1985 +Overfull \hbox (24.7856pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2004--2005 []\OT1/phv/m/n/12 Rezultati ovog rada mogu poslu[]ziti kao re-fe-renca pri op-t i-mi-za-ciji pa-ra-me-tara is-pisa u slu[]cajevima [] -Overfull \hbox (2.65533pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1984--1985 +Overfull \hbox (2.65533pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2004--2005 \OT1/phv/m/n/12 gdje je po-trebna pre-dvid-ljiva i po-nov-ljiva []cvrsto[]ca 3D prin-ta-nih di-je-lova. Ograni[]cenja is-tra[]zivanja [] @@ -2034,11 +2035,11 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (12.0pt): [53] LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/phv/m/sc' will be -(Font) scaled to size 11.03998pt on input line 1993. +(Font) scaled to size 11.03998pt on input line 2013. 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[54] @@ -2070,22 +2071,22 @@ nim kraj-njim pri-hva-tima s 100% [58] -Underfull \hbox (badness 3108) in paragraph at lines 2024--2024 +Underfull \hbox (badness 3108) in paragraph at lines 2039--2039 []|\OT1/phv/m/n/12 Maksimalna sila / sila loma ti-je-kom is-pi-ti-va-nja [] -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2037--2037 +Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2052--2052 []|\OT1/phv/m/n/12 Efektivno na-pre-za-nje u pre-sjeku (al-ter-na-tivni [] -LaTeX Warning: `!h' float specifier changed to `!ht'. +Overfull \vbox (75.70512pt too high) has occurred while \output is active [] [59] -Overfull \hbox (2.1649pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2079--2080 +Overfull \hbox (2.1649pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2084--2085 \OT1/phv/m/n/12 Sljede[]ci kod izvr[]savan je unu-tar okru[]zenja \OT1/phv/b/n/ 12 Jupyter-Lab\OT1/phv/m/n/12 , a ko-risti bi-bli-oteku \OT1/zi4/m/n/12 NumPy \ OT1/phv/m/n/12 i \OT1/zi4/m/n/12 Matplotlib\OT1/phv/m/n/12 . @@ -2095,9 +2096,9 @@ OT1/phv/m/n/12 i \OT1/zi4/m/n/12 Matplotlib\OT1/phv/m/n/12 . 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[1] @@ -2108,13 +2109,7 @@ LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/zi4/b/n' will be [4] -[5] - -[6] - -[7] - -[8] (./ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.aux) +[5] (./ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.aux) *********** LaTeX2e <2024-11-01> patch level 2 L3 programming layer <2025-01-18> @@ -2125,10 +2120,10 @@ _uzorka.run.xml'. ) Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: - 19607 strings out of 473190 - 365230 string characters out of 5725178 - 1294253 words of memory out of 5000000 - 42573 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 + 19610 strings out of 473190 + 365404 string characters out of 5725178 + 1299306 words of memory out of 5000000 + 42576 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 590930 words of font info for 91 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 69i,15n,117p,1211b,1912s stack positions out of 10000i,1000n,20000p,200000b,200000s @@ -2145,11 +2140,11 @@ amsfonts/cm/cmsy10.pfb> -Output written on ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.pdf (73 pages, 9 -455782 bytes). +Output written on ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.pdf (72 pages, 9 +454855 bytes). PDF statistics: - 409 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) - 218 compressed objects within 3 object streams + 404 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 214 compressed objects within 3 object streams 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) 251 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.lot b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.lot index b46fb03..98a0586 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.lot +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.lot @@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ \contentsline {table}{\numberline {16}{\ignorespaces Dimenzije ispitnih uzoraka ($a_o$, $b_o$)}}{32}{}% \contentsline {table}{\numberline {17}{\ignorespaces Dimenzije ispitnih uzoraka S1–S27 ($a_o$ i prosjek)}}{33}{}% \contentsline {table}{\numberline {18}{\ignorespaces Rezultati vlačnog ispitivanja}}{42}{}% -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {19}{\ignorespaces Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima SNR i čvrstoće}}{43}{}% +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {19}{\ignorespaces Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima S/N i čvrstoće}}{43}{}% \contentsline {table}{\numberline {20}{\ignorespaces Sume kvadrata faktora vlačnog testa}}{44}{}% \contentsline {table}{\numberline {21}{\ignorespaces Sažetak ANOVA tablice ispitivanja na vlak}}{45}{}% \contentsline {table}{\numberline {22}{\ignorespaces Rezultati smičnog ispitivanja}}{48}{}% -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {23}{\ignorespaces Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima SNR i čvrstoće}}{49}{}% +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {23}{\ignorespaces Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima S/N i čvrstoće}}{49}{}% \contentsline {table}{\numberline {24}{\ignorespaces Sume kvadrata faktora smičnog testa}}{50}{}% \contentsline {table}{\numberline {25}{\ignorespaces Sažetak ANOVA tablice ispitivanja na smik}}{51}{}% diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.pdf b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.pdf index 07d183e..81e7a95 100644 Binary files a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.pdf and b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.pdf differ diff --git a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.tex b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.tex index 24ebb47..bf8d379 100644 --- a/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.tex +++ b/radno/ispitivanje_cvrstoce_fdm_3d_printanog_uzorka.tex @@ -216,6 +216,26 @@ \pagestyle{mainstyle} \begin{justify} +\pagebreak +\section*{Sažetak} + +U ovom radu istraživan je utjecaj odabranih parametara FDM ispisa na mehanička svojstva 3D printanih uzoraka izrađenih od PLA materijala. Analizirani su parametri visine sloja, širine ekstruzije, postotka ispune, orijentacije slojeva i broja stijenki, dok su ostali uvjeti ispisa bili konstantni. Eksperimenti su provedeni prema Taguchijevoj metodi, a rezultati obrađeni ANOVA analizom. Utvrđeno je da orijentacija slojeva ima najveći utjecaj na vlačnu čvrstoću (23\% ukupne varijabilnosti), pri čemu su uzorci s paralelnom orijentacijom postigli prosječnu čvrstoću od 29,88 MPa u usporedbi s 21,94 MPa za okomitu orijentaciju. Broj stijenki pokazao je doprinos od 16,3\%, dok su ostali parametri imali manji utjecaj ($\leq$10\%). Kod smične čvrstoće najznačajniji faktor bio je postotak ispune (43,2\%), gdje je povećanje ispune s 20\% na 85\% rezultiralo rastom čvrstoće s 23,67 MPa na 34,13 MPa. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju da pravilnim odabirom parametara ispisa moguće značajno poboljšati mehanička svojstva 3D printanih komponenti te pružaju smjernice za optimizaciju FDM procesa u inženjerskim primjenama. + +\bigskip + +\noindent \textbf{Ključne riječi}: FDM, 3D printanje, PLA, vlačna čvrstoća, smična čvrstoća, parametri ispisa, Taguchi metoda + +\pagebreak + +\section*{Abstract} +This thesis investigates the influence of selected FDM printing parameters on the mechanical properties of PLA specimens. The analyzed parameters include layer height, extrusion width, infill percentage, layer orientation, and wall thickness, while other printing conditions were kept constant. Experiments were conducted using the Taguchi method, and results were analyzed with ANOVA. The findings show that layer orientation has the greatest impact on tensile strength (23\% of total variability), with parallel layers achieving an average strength of 29.88 MPa compared to 21.94 MPa for vertical orientation. The number of walls contributed 16.3\%, while the effects of other parameters were below 10\%. For shear strength, the most influential factor was infill percentage (43.2\%), where increasing infill from 20\% to 85\% raised the average strength from 23.67 MPa to 34.13 MPa. These results confirm that proper selection of printing parameters can significantly improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed components and provide guidelines for FDM process optimization in engineering applications. + +\bigskip + +\noindent \textbf{Keywords}: FDM, 3D printing, PLA, tensile strength, shear strength, print parameters, Taguchi method + +\pagebreak + \pagenumbering{arabic} % počinje numerirati arapski (1, 2, 3…) \section{Uvod} @@ -669,7 +689,7 @@ Prođemo li redom kroz iste možemo primijetiti kako: \\ retroaktivno odrediti geometriju sloja u kojemu se dogodio lom, te je iz tog razloga potrebno odabrati vrstu ispune s konstantnom površinom i geometrijom poprečnog presjeka, dakle 2D vrstu ispune. Zbog dobre raspodjele materijala po cijelom poprečnom presjeku i mogućnosti brze izrade odabran je \textbf{mrežasti (grid) tip ispune}. - \item \textbf{Orijentacija modela na radnoj površini}, prema \cite{article_881254}, zbog promjena u smjeru anizotropije, orijentacija izrade uvelike utječe na + \item \textbf{Orijentacija modela na radnoj površini}, prema \cite{eryildiz2021orientation}, zbog promjena u smjeru anizotropije, orijentacija izrade uvelike utječe na čvrstoću ispitnog uzorka. \item \textbf{Broj slojeva stijenke}\\ Iako bi broj slojeva stijenke zbog same promjene površine poprečnog presjeka i momenata tromosti presjeka trebao utjecati na čvrstoću dijela, @@ -1494,7 +1514,7 @@ gdje je $A_{ekv}$ površina ekvivalentnog poprečnog presjeka epruvete kada bi b \noindent Ekvivalentu površinu koristimo kako bi svi uzorci imali istu referencu za računanje naprezanja. Budući da je unutrašnjost ispitnog uzorka kompleksna, te površina poprečnog presjeka nije konstanta, niti je jednostavnog oblika, korišten je program opisan u poglavlju \ref{subsec:racunalna_analiza_poprecnog_presjeka} kako bi se odredila minimalna površina poprečnog presjeka, te uzročno posljedično i naprezanje ($\sigma '$) koje bi se pojavilo kada bi ispitni uzorak zbilja puknuo u presjeku s najmanjom površinom. -\noindent Za svaku eksperimentalnu kombinaciju iz ortogonalne matrice L18 (tablica \ref{tab:taguchi_l18_vlacni}) izračunat je signal-šum (SNR) omjer prema izrazu \ref{eq:sn_ratio}. Gdje je $y_i$ izmjerena vrijednost čvrstoće u $i$-tom ponavljanju, a $n$ broj ponavljanja. Budući da je svaki ispitni uzorak (zbog ograničenih resursa) ispitivan samo jednom, izraz \ref{eq:sn_ratio} možemo pretvoriti u izraz \ref{eq:sn_ratio_vlak} (za vlak). Za svaki rezultat izračunat je S/N omjer (pripadajući za taj slučaj) prema kriteriju "što je vrijednost viša, to je bolja". +\noindent Za svaku eksperimentalnu kombinaciju iz ortogonalne matrice L18 (tablica \ref{tab:taguchi_l18_vlacni}) izračunat je signal-šum (S/N) omjer prema izrazu \ref{eq:sn_ratio}. Gdje je $y_i$ izmjerena vrijednost čvrstoće u $i$-tom ponavljanju, a $n$ broj ponavljanja. Budući da je svaki ispitni uzorak (zbog ograničenih resursa) ispitivan samo jednom, izraz \ref{eq:sn_ratio} možemo pretvoriti u izraz \ref{eq:sn_ratio_vlak} (za vlak). Za svaki rezultat izračunat je S/N omjer (pripadajući za taj slučaj) prema kriteriju "što je vrijednost viša, to je bolja". \begin{equation} \text{S/N} = -10 \cdot \log_{10}\left ( \frac{1}{\sigma^2}\right) = 20\cdot log_{10} \left (\sigma \right ) @@ -1507,7 +1527,7 @@ gdje je $A_{ekv}$ površina ekvivalentnog poprečnog presjeka epruvete kada bi b \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{% \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline -Eksperiment & $A_{ekv}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{min}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{max}$ [mm$^2$] & $F_m$ [kN] & $\sigma$ [MPa] & $\sigma'$ & $\sigma''$ & SNR [dB] \\ \hline +Eksperiment & $A_{ekv}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{min}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{max}$ [mm$^2$] & $F_m$ [kN] & $\sigma$ [MPa] & $\sigma'$ & $\sigma''$ & S/N [dB] \\ \hline 1 & 100 & 44.493 & 44.493 & 0.778 & 7.78 & 17.4859 & 17.4859 & 17.8196 \\ \hline 2 & 100 & 87.819 & 87.819 & 3.299 & 32.99 & 37.5659 & 37.5659 & 30.3676 \\ \hline 3 & 100 & 100 & 100 & 0.794 & 7.94 & 7.9400 & 7.9400 & 17.9964 \\ \hline @@ -1539,11 +1559,11 @@ Eksperiment & $A_{ekv}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{min}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{max}$ [mm$^2$] & $F_ \begin{table}[H] \centering -\caption{Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima SNR i čvrstoće} +\caption{Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima S/N i čvrstoće} {\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline - Faktor & Razina & $\bar{SNR}$ [dB] & $\bar{\sigma}$ [MPa] & $\Delta$ (SNR) & Optimalna kombinacija SNR \\ \hline + Faktor & Razina & $\bar{S/N}$ [dB] & $\bar{\sigma}$ [MPa] & $\Delta$ (S/N) & Optimalna kombinacija S/N \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Orijentacija} & 1 & 25.8940 & 21.94 & \multirow{2}{*}{3.4473} & \multirow{2}{*}{2} \\ \cline{2-4} @@ -1763,7 +1783,7 @@ Smična čvrstoća $\tau$ računata je prema izrazu: \end{equation} \noindent gdje je $A_{ekv}$ površina smične ravnine. -Za svaku eksperimentalnu kombinaciju iz ortogonalne matrice L27 (tablica \ref{tab:taguchi_l27}) izračunat je signal-šum (SNR) omjer prema izrazu \ref{eq:sn_ratio}, +Za svaku eksperimentalnu kombinaciju iz ortogonalne matrice L27 (tablica \ref{tab:taguchi_l27}) izračunat je signal-šum (S/N) omjer prema izrazu \ref{eq:sn_ratio}, gdje je $y_i$ izmjerena vrijednost smičnog naprezanja u $i$-tom ponavljanju, a $n$ broj ponavljanja. Budući da je svaki ispitni uzorak (zbog ograničenih resursa) ispitivan samo jednom, izraz \ref{eq:sn_ratio} možemo pretvoriti u izraz \ref{eq:sn_ratio_smik} (za smik).\\ Za svaki rezultat izračunat je S/N omjer (pripadajući za taj slučaj) prema kriteriju "što je vrijednost viša - to je bolja". @@ -1780,7 +1800,7 @@ Za svaki rezultat izračunat je S/N omjer (pripadajući za taj slučaj) prema kr {\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline -Eksperiment & $A_{ekv}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{min}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{max}$ [mm$^2$] & $F_m$ [kN] & Ravnina loma & $\sigma$ [MPa] & SNR [dB] \\ \hline +Eksperiment & $A_{ekv}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{min}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{max}$ [mm$^2$] & $F_m$ [kN] & Ravnina loma & $\sigma$ [MPa] & S/N [dB] \\ \hline 1 & 64 & 31.577 & 31.577 & 0.968 & xy & 15.125 & 23.5939 \\ \hline 2 & 64 & 36.365 & 36.365 & 1.673 & xz & 26.1403 & 28.3463 \\ \hline 3 & 64 & 55.707 & 55.707 & 1.911 & xz & 29.8438 & 29.4077 \\ \hline @@ -1818,13 +1838,13 @@ Eksperiment & $A_{ekv}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{min}$ [mm$^2$] & $A_{max}$ [mm$^2$] & $F_ \begin{table}[H] \centering -\caption{Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima SNR i čvrstoće} +\caption{Analiza faktora s prosječnim vrijednostima S/N i čvrstoće} {\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont \begin{tabular}{|l|l|c|c|c|c|} \hline - Faktor & Razina & $\bar{SNR}$ [dB] & $\bar{\sigma}$ [MPa] & $\Delta$ (SNR) & Optimalna kombinacija SNR \\ \hline - %\textbf{Faktor} & \textbf{Razina} & \textbf{Srednji SNR [dB]} & \textbf{Srednja čvrstoća [MPa]} & $\Delta$ (SNR$_\text{max}$ - SNR$_\text{min}$) & \textbf{Optimalna kombinacija SNR} \\ \hline + Faktor & Razina & $\bar{S/N}$ [dB] & $\bar{\sigma}$ [MPa] & $\Delta$ (S/N) & Optimalna kombinacija S/N \\ \hline + %\textbf{Faktor} & \textbf{Razina} & \textbf{Srednji S/N [dB]} & \textbf{Srednja čvrstoća [MPa]} & $\Delta$ (S/N$_\text{max}$ - S/N$_\text{min}$) & \textbf{Optimalna kombinacija S/N} \\ \hline Orijentacija & Orijentacija 1 & 30.5954 & 35.226 & \multirow{3}{*}{2.1171} & 1 \\ & Orijentacija 2 & 29.3624 & 29.771 & & \\ & Orijentacija 3 & 28.4783 & 27.582 & & \\ \hline @@ -2007,15 +2027,10 @@ Rezultati ovog rada mogu poslužiti kao referenca pri optimizaciji parametara is \newpage \section*{Popis simbola i mjernih jedinica} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Popis simbola i mjernih jedinica} -% ------------------------------------------------------------------ -% POPIS SIMBOLA I MJERNIH JEDINICA – PROŠIRENO -% Zalijepiti na kraj rada umjesto postojeće tablice "Popis simbola" -% ------------------------------------------------------------------ - \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{6pt} -\begin{table}[h!] +\begin{table}[H] \centering \caption*{\textbf{A) Geometrija uzorka, ispitivanje i mehaničke veličine}} \begin{tabular}{|c|p{0.56\textwidth}|c|} @@ -2036,19 +2051,9 @@ $\mu$ & Srednja vrijednost odziva (u radu korišteno kao $\bar{\sigma $y_i$ & $i$-ta izmjerena vrijednost odziva (čvrstoća) & MPa \\ \hline $\sigma'$ & Efektivno naprezanje u presjeku (alternativni proračun) & MPa \\ \hline $\sigma''$ & Efektivno naprezanje u presjeku (drugi alternativni proračun) & MPa \\ \hline -\end{tabular} -\end{table} -\vspace{8pt} - -\begin{table}[h!] -\centering -\caption*{\textbf{B) Statistički pokazatelji (Taguchi, S/N, ANOVA)}} -\begin{tabular}{|c|p{0.56\textwidth}|c|} -\hline -\textbf{Simbol} & \textbf{Opis} & \textbf{Jedinica} \\ \hline -$\text{S/N}$,\ $SNR$ & Omjer signal/šum (za kriterij ``veće-je-bolje'') & dB \\ \hline -$\Delta(SNR)$ & Raspon SNR vrijednosti po razinama pojedinog faktora & dB \\ \hline +$\text{S/N}$,\ $S/N$ & Omjer signal/šum (za kriterij ``veće-je-bolje'') & dB \\ \hline +$\Delta(S/N)$ & Raspon S/N vrijednosti po razinama pojedinog faktora & dB \\ \hline $n$ & Broj ponavljanja (replika) po eksperimentalnoj kombinaciji & -- \\ \hline $N$ & Ukupan broj opažanja (svi uzorci / sve replikacije) & -- \\ \hline $a$ & Broj razina promatranog faktora & -- \\ \hline @@ -2292,22 +2297,4 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": print("A_yz(x=-2mm) =", res["povrsina_yz_na_x"], "mm^2") \end{lstlisting} -\newpage -\section*{Sažetak} - -U ovom radu istraživan je utjecaj odabranih parametara FDM ispisa na mehanička svojstva 3D printanih uzoraka izrađenih od PLA materijala. Analizirani su parametri visine sloja, širine ekstruzije, postotka ispune, orijentacije slojeva i broja stijenki, dok su ostali uvjeti ispisa bili konstantni. Eksperimenti su provedeni prema Taguchijevoj metodi, a rezultati obrađeni ANOVA analizom. Utvrđeno je da orijentacija slojeva ima najveći utjecaj na vlačnu čvrstoću (23\% ukupne varijabilnosti), pri čemu su uzorci s paralelnom orijentacijom postigli prosječnu čvrstoću od 29,88 MPa u usporedbi s 21,94 MPa za okomitu orijentaciju. Broj stijenki pokazao je doprinos od 16,3\%, dok su ostali parametri imali manji utjecaj ($\leq$10\%). Kod smične čvrstoće najznačajniji faktor bio je postotak ispune (43,2\%), gdje je povećanje ispune s 20\% na 85\% rezultiralo rastom čvrstoće s 23,67 MPa na 34,13 MPa. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju da pravilnim odabirom parametara ispisa moguće značajno poboljšati mehanička svojstva 3D printanih komponenti te pružaju smjernice za optimizaciju FDM procesa u inženjerskim primjenama. - -\bigskip - -\noindent \textbf{Ključne riječi}: FDM, 3D printanje, PLA, vlačna čvrstoća, smična čvrstoća, parametri ispisa, Taguchi metoda - -\pagebreak - -\section*{Abstract} -This thesis investigates the influence of selected FDM printing parameters on the mechanical properties of PLA specimens. The analyzed parameters include layer height, extrusion width, infill percentage, layer orientation, and wall thickness, while other printing conditions were kept constant. Experiments were conducted using the Taguchi method, and results were analyzed with ANOVA. The findings show that layer orientation has the greatest impact on tensile strength (23\% of total variability), with parallel layers achieving an average strength of 29.88 MPa compared to 21.94 MPa for vertical orientation. The number of walls contributed 16.3\%, while the effects of other parameters were below 10\%. For shear strength, the most influential factor was infill percentage (43.2\%), where increasing infill from 20\% to 85\% raised the average strength from 23.67 MPa to 34.13 MPa. These results confirm that proper selection of printing parameters can significantly improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed components and provide guidelines for FDM process optimization in engineering applications. - -\bigskip - -\noindent \textbf{Keywords}: FDM, 3D printing, PLA, tensile strength, shear strength, print parameters, Taguchi method - \end{document}